PK LASER · PK LASER Joint Stock Company
Laser Cutting Seven Metal Materials: A Process Overview
Carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, copper, nickel alloys and tool steels need different process checks. Use the machine maker’s chart for the exact grade, thickness and setup.
There is no universal recipe for all metals
Laser cutting behavior depends on alloy, thickness, surface condition, laser source, cutting head, assist gas, nozzle and required edge quality. The notes below are selection considerations, not cutting parameters. Confirm every recipe with the machine and material suppliers.
1. Carbon steel
The assist gas and cutting mode affect oxidation, edge appearance and downstream finishing. Select them from the approved chart for the grade and thickness, and verify the result on a test piece.
2. Stainless steel
Surface finish, corrosion requirements and contamination control matter alongside cut quality. Use the process chart for the exact grade and gas, and protect the finished surface from unsuitable handling or residues.
3. Titanium and titanium alloys
Titanium can react strongly at elevated temperatures. Gas selection, shielding and fire precautions must follow a qualified process for the exact alloy and machine. Do not transfer a steel recipe or choose oxygen as an assist gas without explicit approval.
4. Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Reflectivity, thermal conductivity and alloy composition affect how aluminum responds to a laser. Confirm that the source and head are approved for the application, then use the specified nozzle, gas and process data. Inspect test parts for cracking or other defects relevant to the alloy.
5. Copper and copper alloys
Copper and some copper alloys can present high reflectivity and heat transfer challenges. Use equipment designed for the material and follow its beam-return protection and process guidance. Do not assume every laser cutter can safely process every copper grade or thickness.
6. Nickel alloys
Nickel alloys vary widely in composition and behavior. Identify the exact grade and thickness, then validate the recipe and edge condition on a test coupon before production.
7. Alloy and tool steels
Alloying elements, hardness and prior heat treatment can affect cutting and edge condition. Follow the material specification and machine chart, and confirm whether the part needs additional inspection or finishing after cutting.
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Show labeled coupons for each material grade with thickness and the approved process noted. Include the cut edge and any inspection result; do not publish universal speed or gas values without machine-specific validation.